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The passage mentions that medieval craft guilds were monopolistic and hierarchical, resisting new entrants and imposing long apprenticeships, which could stifle innovation. It also warns that modern craft workers “can thrive... only if they don’t get too organised,” supporting option a.
Option b: This is an extreme interpretation. The passage does not argue that supporting crafts is the only way to retain the creativity intrinsic to their production.
Option c: The Arts and Crafts movement is described as a reaction against the “American system” and the rise of mass production, not an inspiration drawn from it.
Option d: Agile movement is praised for prioritizing creativity and collaboration, whereas medieval craft guilds are described as hierarchical and restrictive, which stifled innovation. These are contrasting ideas. Therefore, agile movement cannot be a throwback to the tenets (principles) of medieval craft guilds)
Hence, option a is the correct answer.