CAT 2024 Slot 2 - Quant

Let the cost price of the item be C
We are given that Bina sells this at 19% loss or at (1 − 0.19)C = 0.81C at 4860
This gives us the value of C at Rs. 6000
If Bina had sold this at 17% profit, the selling price would have been 1.17 × 6000 = 7020
So Shyam bought the product at 4860 and sold it to Hari at 7020
Giving the profit made by Shyam to be 7020 − 4860 = 2160

Upon drawing a rough sketch of the coordinates given, we realise that this is a right-angled triangle.

The three side lengths are 6, 8 and 10 units
The inradius of a circle can be calculated using the formula: rs = Area, where s is the semi-perimeter of the triangle
The Area would be 1/2 × 6 × 8 = 24
And the semi-perimeter would be

Giving the inradius to be 24/12 = 2 units

Let us assume the initial stock of all the fruits is S.
Let us take we have 'b' and 'a' mangoes initially.
Stock of Mangoes = 40% of S = 2S/5
The total number of fruits sold are Mangoes Sold + Apples Sold + Bananas Sold
= 2S/10 + 96 + 4a/10 = S/2 (Given)
S/5 + 96 + 2a/5 = S/2
S = (4a + 960)/3
4a/3 + 320
'a' has to be a multiple of 3 for the above term to be an integer.
But 'a' has to be a multiple of 5 for 4a/10 to be an integer.
The smallest value of 'a' satisfying both conditions is 15.
4a/3 + 320 = 4(15)/3 + 320 = 340

Looking at the additional information about the prime numbers should make one realise that they are the key to solving the question.
f(16000) can be written as f(2⁸ × 5⁴)
Now, we can try to find these individual values:
For any prime p: f(p) = 1
f(p²) = f(p) f(p) + f(p) + f(p) = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
f(p³) = f(p²) f(p) + f(p²) + f(p) = 3 + 3 + 1 = 7
This way, we can find the function output for any prime number raised to a power.
We can see that each new exponent is twice the previous output +1, solving this way till prime raised to power 8
f(p⁴) = 7 + 7 + 1 = 15
f(p⁵) = 15 + 15 + 1 = 31
f(p⁶) = 31 + 31 + 1 = 63
f(p⁷) = 63 + 63 + 1 = 127
f(p⁸) = 127 + 127 + 1 = 255
Using these values in the original expression of f(2⁸ × 5⁴) = f(2⁸) f(5⁴) + f(2⁸) + f(5⁴) we get
f(2⁸ × 5⁴) = (255 × 15) + 255 + 15 = 4095

Let's take Rajesh and Garima's ages to be R and G, respectively
From the given ratio, we can see that Rajesh is older than Garima, so let's take R = G + x
When Rajesh was of age G, which was x years ago, Garima was of G-x years old
Giving the ratio as G/(G - x) = 3/2
This gives us G as 3x, which in turn gives R as 4x
We are asked the ratio when Gramia becomes 4x years old.
By that time, Rajesh will be 5x years old.
Giinv their ratio as 5x/4x = 5 : 4

Let's take the radius of the original circles to be R and that of the circle in between the three circles to be r.

Joining the centres of the three circles, we will get an equilateral triangle or length 2R.
The distance between the circle's centre and the original circle's centre would be R + r.

Using this right angle triangle, we can get the relation: R/(R + r) = √3/2
We can take R = √3a and R + r as 2a, this would give us r as R = (2 - √3)a
The outer circle will have a radius of 2R + r
We need to find the ratio of (2R + r)/r
This will be equal to

= 4 + 3 + 4√3 = 7 + 4√3 : 1

The simplest way to visualise this would be with symmetry.

We can take AD to be x and CB to be 3 – x; since the perimeter of ABCD is 6, and AB and CD are given as 2 and 1 cm, respectively, that leaves AD + BC as three only.
We can see that triangles AEB and DEC are similar, with the lengths of AB being double of CD, essentially making D the mid-point of AE and C the mid-point of EB.
Through this, we get the length of DE and CE to be x and 3 – x.
Give us the AE and BE lengths as 2x and 6 – 2x, respectively.
Giving the perimeter of AEB as 2x + 6 – 2x + 2 = 8 cm

We can divide the list into 4 elements: the first 10 as a, the next 10 as b, the next 10 as c, and the last 10 as d
From the relations we are given, we can form the equations: 

Adding the first two equations, we get a + 2(b + c) + d = 300,000
We can substitute the value of a + d as 100,000 to get b + c as 100,000
Using this value in the first and second equation would give a and d as 20,000 and 80,000, respectively.
We are told that the average of the first 10 employees increases by 100%, that is, it changes from 20,000 to 40,000
The average of the last 10 increases by 200%; that is, it changes from 80,000 to 240,000
The total of all the four elements would be 40,000 + 100,000 + 240.000 = 380,000
Giving the average to be 38000/4 = 95000

We can take the work done by Amal, Vimal and Sunil to be A, V and S, respectively.
Let's take the total work they did to be T.
We are given the equations:
150A + 150V = T ...(1)
100V + 100S = T ...(2)
75A + 135V + 45S = T ...(3)
Adding (1) and (2), we get: 150A + 250V + 100S = 2T ...(4)
And multiplying (3) with 2 we get: 150A + 270V + 100S = 2T ...(5)
Subtracting (5) from (4), we get 10S = 20V or simply S = 2V
Using this in (2), we get the total work T to be 300V, and using that result in (1), we get A = V
Therefore, the work done by A, V and S equals V, V and 2V units per day.
Now, in the question, we are given work cycles.
To simplify the calculations, we should consider a time duration that is the LCM of the period taken by the three agents, which in this case would be 6
In 6 days, Amal will work for 6 days, doing 6V units of work.
Vimal will work for 3 days, doing 3V units of work.
Sunil will work for 2 days, doing 4V units of work.
So, in one 6-day cycle, 13V units of work will be done.
Dividing the total work (300V) by 13V we can see that in 23 cycles 299V units of work will be done.
These 23 cycles will be 23 × 6 = 138 days
The remaining 1V units of work will be done the next day.
Therefore, a total of 139 days will be required.

There are two critical points for the inequality to consider: x = – 5 and x = 3/2
Region I: x is greater than 3/2
In this scenario, both the terms would be positive; cross-multiplying, we get the relation 2x – 3 ≤ x + 5
Giving the boundary x ≤ 8, hence giving us the valid range as 3/2 < x ≤ 8
Region II: – 5 < x < 3/2
In this case, the right-hand side will be a negative value, and hence, the sign would change when multiplying, giving the inequality
2x – 3 ≥ x + 5
Which will give x > 8, which is out of bounds for this region
Another way is to put a value in the region to check for the validity of the inequality; by putting x = 0, we could see that the inequality does not hold in this region
Region III: x less than – 5
In this scenario, both the terms are negative, essentially giving us the same boundary as region 1; we take the lower bounds, giving us that x has to be less than 5
Therefore, for the given inequality to hold true x < – 5 or 3/2 < x ≤ 8

Let's take the amount invested by Sunil to be X.
The amount received by Anil at the end of 6 years would be 

The amount received by Sunil at the end of 5 years would be X (1.02)¹⁰
In the 6th year, Sunil invests this at a simple interest of 10%, giving him an interest of X (1.02)¹⁰ × 0.1
Giving the total amount with him at the end of 6 years to be X (1.02)¹⁰ × (1 + 0.1)
Equating the final amount with Sunil and Anil, we get:
X (1.02)¹⁰ × (1.1) = 22000 (1.02)¹²

Let's take the scheduled time taken by the bus to be t
From the first statement (bus travelling at 60 kmph), we can get the total distance travelled by bus to 60(t + 3.5)
The second scenario gives us that the bus covered two-thirds of the distance in one-third of the time, meaning that the remaining one-third distance was covered in two-thirds of the time, giving us the relation (1/3)st covered in (2/3)t giving the speed to be  s/2 which is given as 40 km/h, thereby giving the usual speed of the bus to be 80 km/hr
Now the first relation we get 60(t + 3.5) = 80t
Giving us t = 10.5 hours
Thus, the bus usually takes 10.5 hours on its journey.
Staring at 9:00, it will complete the journey at 7:30 pm
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.

We must bring the right-hand side in the form so that everything has the same power.
25 has factors 1, 5 and 25
The only common factor 40 and 25 have is 5 (other than 1 of course, which does not work)
So the right-hand side can be rewritten as (2⁵)⁵ × (3⁸)⁵
(32 × 81 × 81)⁵
(209952)⁵
Giving the value of m – n as 209952 – 5 = 209947

There are multiple ways of solving these sorts of questions. One method is to look for powers of the term in the numerator that leave a remainder of 1 or -1 when divided by the denominator.
Noting down the powers of 3, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243
243 is one such number, 242 is multiple of 11 (11 times 22), hence 243 will leave a remainder of 1 when divided by 11.
243 is 3 raised to power 5; we can rewrite the given term as

In such questions, we should be trying to complete the squares.
We see a xy term; we need to accommodate that in a square that has both x and y terms.
Since there is only one other term with x, we also need to have it entirely in the square.
(2x – y)² = 4x² + y² – 4xy
Using this in the given equation, we are left with
(2x – y)² + 3y² + 3 – 6y
This can be written as (2x – y)² + 3(y² + 1 – 2y)
(2x – y)² + 3(y – 1)² = 0
Since both the squares add up to 0, this is only possible when the squares themselves are 0
This would give us y = 1 from the second term, and using that, we get x = 1/2 from the first term.
Therefore the value of 4x + 5y will be 2 + 5 = 7

Let's take the number of paths between Q and R to be b and the number of paths between R and S to be a

We are given the paths from P to S through R (which would be 4a), the paths from P to S through Q (which would be 12) and the paths from P to Q to R to S, which would be 3ab) is equal to 62
Giving the relation 4a + 12 + 3ab = 62
Or 4a + 3ab = 50
The paths from Q to R directly (which would be b), through P( which would be 12) and through S (which would be 4a) are 27
Giving the relation b + 12 + 4a = 27
Or 4a + b = 15
Subtracting this equation from the first one we got, we get 3ab - b = 35, or b(3a - 1) = 35
b can be 1, 3, 5 or 7
Substituting these values in the second equation, we see that it can not be 1 or 5, leaving only 3 or 7 as the possible values.
Substituting b as 3 in the first equation would give 13a = 50, which is not true.
Substituting bas 7 in the first equation would give 25a = 50, which would give a = 2
We are asked the number of paths from Q to R, which is b = 7
Therefore, 7 is the correct answer.

We can consider the quadrants of a graph:
First quadrant: Both x and y are positive
This would change the equation to 2x + y = 15 and x = 20, giving a negative value of y; hence, this is not the case.
Second quadrant: x is negative, but y is positive
This would change the equations to y = 15 and x = 20, giving a positive value of x, which hence can not be the case.
Third quadrant: Both x and y are negative
This would change the equation to y = 15 and x − 2y = 20; this gives a positive value of y and hence can not be the case.
Fourth quadrant: x is positive, but y is negative
This would change the equations to 2x + y = 15 and x − 2y = 20; this gives the value of x as 10 and y as − 5, which would lie in the fourth quadrant.
The value of x − y would be 10 − (− 5) = 15

Let's start from the step when there was 50% concentration.
Let's take there to ee 2T solution: T acid and T water.
Adding 15 litres of acid increases the acid concentration to 80%, giving the equation 
Solving this would give us T = 5
This means that there were 5 litres of acid and 5 litres of water after mixing 2 litres of water.
Therefore, there would be 5 litres of acid and 3 litres of water before adding the water.
We are asked the ratio of water to acid, which would be 3 : 5